The Evolution of Evil: Lovers at the Chameleon Club, Paris 1932 by Francine Prose

Lovers

Growing up in interwar France, Lou Villars is a misfit. When she’s shipped off to receive a convent education she begins to come into her own as a person, but not the feminine, demure, and obedient kind the nuns expect. Lou excels at sports–she becomes a race car driver–and later she dresses in men’s clothing. Her outsider status propels her to make choices that will have disastrous consequences for those around her who struggle against creeping fascism and the Nazi occupation.

Though based on a true story, it is not a well known one. What made Lovers one of my favorite novels of 2014 was Prose’s careful crafting of characters and her smart use of alternating viewpoints. Lou’s perspective is intertwined with a photographer’s, a novelist’s, a singer’s, among others. My particular favorite was the biographer who put her own peculiar spin on Lou’s actions and motivations. The novel is a fascinating portrait of the evolution of evil.

With a Bang and a Whimper: Unbroken on the Big Screen

Unbroken-movie-poster The opening shot of Angelina Jolie’s Unbroken is majestic: a wave of American bombers on their way to hit Japanese targets. It was the spring of 1943; the United States had been officially fighting the Axis powers since December 1941, and the war in the Pacific had been particularly challenging.

Inside one of those planes sat Louis Zamperini, former Olympic runner and now a bombardier in the U.S. Army Air Corps. British actor Jack O’Connell has the look of young Zamperini, and he plays the part well. That opening scene serves to introduce the audience to Zamperini, though you’d have to be completely out of touch not to have at least heard of him because of Laura Hillenbrand’s mega-bestseller about his life, also titled Unbroken.

As Zamperini’s plane took a hit and the crew prepared for a crash landing, we get a flashback of his life growing up as an Italian-American in early 20th-century California. Young Louie was a troublemaker, but a redeemable one. His older brother got him interested in running, which provided a more appropriate outlet for Lou’s energy and frustration. “If you can take it, you can make it,” his brother told him. I was worried this was going to be used as a catch phrase in the POW camps, but fortunately it was not. It would’ve been insulting to the thousands who perished in those places.

Despite the emphasis put on that bombing mission, it was not the event that led to Zamperini’s ordeal. He survived the landing, but a subsequent rescue mission ended in disaster. Zamperini and two other crew members bailed out and floated on the ocean for over 40 days (one died prior to rescue) before getting picked up by the Japanese. In terms of storyline pacing, I think Jolie was off with this portion, which could have been cut at least in half.

If Zamperini received a glimpse of hell while in that life raft, he was plunged head-on into it as a prisoner of the Japanese.They treated their captives abysmally. Survival rates for Allied prisoners in the Pacific theater were a fraction of what they were in the European theater. The brutality of these conditions is shown in graphic detail, as Zamperini catches the attention of a sadistic Japanese officer known as the Bird. At one point Zamperini tells a fellow prisoner he intends to kill the Bird, and the other man dissuades him. Zamperini would only be killed in return, which wouldn’t accomplish anything. The best revenge, he counsels, is survival. And that’s what Zamperini does. Against the odds, he comes out of the war alive.

For a movie that begins with such an impressive scene–the big bangs of the American military–it ends on a curiously quiet note. Unbroken was author Hillenbrand’s take on Zamperini’s entire life. To make sense of how she reached that conclusion, you have to know about the postwar Zamperini. But the movie doesn’t stretch that far. A few brief summaries at the end tell us what happened to the main characters, but as throughout the rest of the film, this doesn’t give us enough of the interior of Louis Zamperini’s life. Of course we want Zamperini to survive his POW ordeal–he was a nice guy fighting for his country. He didn’t deserve the treatment he received; none of the prisoners did. As a soldier, Zamperini should have been entitled to protections of the Geneva Convention, yet Japan disregarded that international agreement.

But Jolie’s movie doesn’t tell us why this larger story of resilience and redemption belongs to Zamperini in particular. After all, as my husband pointed out as we left the theater, the rest of the surviving POWs emerged as unbroken as Zamperini. The movie version doesn’t illuminate enough about Zamperini the POW. I’m not referring to his treatment, because there are more than enough scenes of the cruel punishments Zamperini endured. But for all of Jolie’s attention to period details–the POW camps look appropriately grim and the actors portraying the prisoners look emaciated–the core of the man was too often overlooked, and that is to the ultimate detriment of Unbroken.

Another Intriguing Book Read in 2014: Margot by Jillian Cantor

MargotANNE FRANK AND SISTER IN THIS FILER FOR FEATURE BC FRANK Anne Frank is the sister we all know. As a girl, she kept a diary while she and her family endured increasingly restrictive anti-Jewish regulations in Amsterdam during World War II. The Frank family–Otto and Edith, with their two daughters Margot and Anne–along with the van Pels family, eventually took refuge in what Anne called The Secret Annex, hoping to wait out the Nazi terrors. But in August 1944 they were betrayed and deported. Otto Frank, Anne’s father, was the only member of the family to survive.

Jillian Cantor’s novel takes a “what if?” approach to this well known story, imagining that Margot, Anne’s older sister, survived the death camps and made her way to the United States, settling in Philadelphia and working as a secretary. Her desire to suppress her background is challenged because her wartime memories refuse to remain submerged. Try as she might, Margot cannot escape her past.

While this is not a perfect book–one particular plot point didn’t work for me and there was the occasional dash of melodrama–it is a haunting tale of sibling love and rivalry compounded by survivor’s guilt. Ideally, it should be read along with Ellen Feldman’s excellent The Boy Who Loved Anne Frank, which centers on Peter van Pels and how he would have led his life had he survived.

My next entry will also focus on captivity and survival: a review of the movie version of Unbroken.

My Second Featured Book for 2014: The Invention of Wings

wings  I was skeptical when I first heard about this book, a fictionalized account of Sarah Grimke and Hetty, a young slave Sarah had been given to be her personal maid. As far as I was concerned, the book had two strikes against it even before I cracked the cover.

First, I had vowed to stay away from historical fiction that featured real historical figures, like The Aviator’s Wife, because I always ended up disappointed. And Sarah and Angelina Grimke, the abolitionist sisters from South Carolina, happen to be two women I lecture about at least once every academic year. I never teach about the anti-slavery movement in the United States without including the Grimke sisters.

Second, I worried that the racial dynamics would come across as insipid and insulting as they did in The Help, which seemed to me designed to make whites feel better about their meager efforts to improve southern race relations in the mid-20th century.

So much for an open mind going in. But I ended up admiring The Invention of Wings a great deal. Kidd took great care to make sure that both Sarah and Hetty were fully realized characters, and she didn’t impose an unrealistic, ahistorical sense of sisterhood upon them. For the most part, Kidd resisted any temptation to sentimentalize or romanticize antebellum slavery. She showed it for what it was: a vicious, destructive institution.